​Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system and causes muscle weakness, tingling sensations and, in severe cases, paralysis.

The condition occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves, often following a viral or bacterial infection. While the exact cause remains unclear, early diagnosis and medical intervention can significantly improve recovery outcomes.

If you are looking for more insight into GBS virus information, read this detailed blog. We will discuss the GBS viral disease in detail, including GBS virus causes, symptoms, scope of treatment and more.

All You Need To Know About the Outbreak of GBS Virus in Maharashtra

There are approximately 197 confirmed cases of GBS syndrome in Pune as of 12th February 2025. This rare neurological disorder started spreading in the city in January 2025, with common symptoms of weakness, tingling sensation and respiratory issues among most patients.

The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) sealed 30 private water supply plants in the Nanded village Dhayari, and adjoining areas on Sinhgad Road in Pune City which was found to be the epicenter of the outbreak. The state health authorities have initiated action against these plants and are closely monitoring the situation in affected areas.​

The key recommendations suggested by the authorities for the remaining population include boiling water before consumption, keeping cooked and uncooked foods separately, maintaining good hygiene and cooking food thoroughly.

What is Guillain Barré Syndrome?

GBS, or Guillain-Barré Syndrome, is a rare autoimmune or neurological disorder. In this disease, your body's immune system starts to respond abnormally and, in turn, attacks the nervous system.

This attack interrupts the transmission of nerve signals around the body, leading to muscle weakness, numbness and, in some severe cases, paralysis.

Guillain Barr Virus is not a new disease. However, its sudden outbreak in India, especially in Pune Maharashtra, has made it crucial to collect all the necessary GBS virus information to prevent it.

Types of GBS Syndrome

There are different types of GBS viruses. The list includes -

• AIDP - Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy is the most common type of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. In this condition, the immune system attacks the outer layer of the nerve cells.

• AMAN - Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy is a rare type of GBS virus that damages the nerve axons, weakening the muscles of the limbs.

• MFS - Miller Fisher Syndrome is a rare type of GBS virus that weakens the facial muscles over time.

• CIDP - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy is most common in young children who relapse after an initial episode of GBS syndrome.

GBS Virus Causes and Symptoms

Common Guillain Barré Syndrome Cause

There are no confirmed causes of GBS virus, as it can vary from patient to patient. However, according to the general understanding and relevant medical research, GBS syndrome can happen due to the following conditions -

• Infections - The GBS virus is often associated with bacterial and viral infections that can cause food poisoning, respiratory illnesses, or other related health concerns.
• Viruses - Influenza virus, Zika virus, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus are also considered to be the foundation of the onset of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
• Diseases - Hepatitis A, B, C and E and Diarrhea are also considered potentially infectious and can lead to the GB Syndrome Virus.
• Surgery or Trauma - In some patient cases, recent physical trauma or surgery may also pave the way for the GBS virus.
• Vaccinations - In very rare cases, childhood or influenza vaccinations can also trigger the symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
• COVID-19 - The coronavirus that took over the world in 2020-21 was also considered a major infection that could result in GBS.

Guillain Barré Virus Symptoms to Look For

The Guillain-Barr virus symptoms include a range of sensations and other issues. However, you must visit the doctor immediately, especially if you notice the onset of severe symptoms.

Initial GBS Virus Symptoms 

• A pricking sensation in the toes, fingers, wrists or ankles.
• Weakness in the lower body (especially in the legs), which slowly spreads to the upper body.
• Inability to walk or climb stairs.
• Restriction with common facial movements, including chewing, swallowing or speaking.
• High or low blood pressure.

Severe GBS Virus Symptoms 

• Difficulty in moving the eyes or double vision.
• Trouble with breathing.
• Increased heart rate.
• Severe pain suddenly occurs in different body parts, especially during nighttime.
• Difficulty with normal bowel function.
• Issues with bladder control.
• Weakness that is spreading quickly.
• Nerve pain.
• Paralysis.

GBS Virus Treatment and Diagnosis

How is GBS Virus Disease Diagnosed?

Doctors typically examine your medical history and symptoms to diagnose the possibility of the GBS virus. They also conduct tests to check the severity of muscle weakness or deep-tendon reflexes.

Here is all you need to know.

• Nerve Conduction and Electromyography Tests - These tests help evaluate overall health by determining how the skeletal muscles and nerves are functioning.
• Spinal Tap - In this procedure, the doctor inserts a needle into your lower back to collect a cerebrospinal fluid sample. The sample is then examined to determine the number of white blood cells and CSF protein levels.
• The number of white blood cells is normal in the case of the GBS virus, but the CSF protein levels are very high.
• Imaging Tests - In some cases, the doctor may request an MRI of your spine to rule out other health issues.
• Pulmonary Function Tests - These tests allow doctors to assess patients' breathing capacity and examine the severity of GBS in the respiratory system.

Treatment of GBS Syndrome

When it comes to the cure for Guillain-Barré Syndrome, there is no permanent cure. You will need to get medical treatment in the ICU. This will allow doctors to monitor all possible complications for relief.

However, some treatments can reduce the severity of the syndrome, resulting in a shorter recovery period. The two common treatments prescribed for people with GBS virus include -

• Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIG) - This treatment involves injecting the patient with high doses of antibodies from healthy individuals to reduce the impact of the GBS virus.

• Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis) - In this treatment of GBS syndrome, harmful antibodies are removed from the patient's blood to reduce the progression of the virus in the body.

Tips to Prevent GB Syndrome Virus

• Consume home-cooked meals.
• Cook everything thoroughly, especially if you are eating a lot of meat.
• Wash your hands with soap and water before and after eating meals.
• Avoid drinking water from open, unsupervised taps or sources to reduce the risk of bacterial infections that can trigger the GBS virus.
• Eat a healthy diet containing good nutrients.
• Include some form of physical activity in your daily routine.
• Prioritise 6-8 hours of sleep.
• Practice breathing exercises twice or thrice a week to maintain respiratory health.

Secure Your Health With Health Insurance Plans​

Given the increasing health risks in India, especially with the rapid rise in Guillain-Barré Syndrome cases, having a financial safety net to manage these emergencies is crucial.

Reliance General Insurance offers a wide range of health insurance policies that ensure your financial health and well-being. All these plans offer comprehensive coverage for pre- and post-hospitalisation expenses, treatment costs, room rent, emergency ambulance fees and more.

With our health plans, you get added peace of mind to manage medical emergencies with ease. Moreover, you can purchase or renew your health policy online within minutes using our user-friendly website or Reliance Self-i App, as preferred.

Conclusion​​

The increasing risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Pune, Maharashtra and around India is a wake-up call for everyone to gather all the necessary GBS virus information.

This disease commonly targets the ageing population, and thus, having the right knowledge of the potential preventions to reduce the risk of GBS virus is crucial. Moreover, securing your health and savings with a health insurance plan is necessary to avoid a significant financial burden in times of need.

Choose health, choose Reliance General Insurance!

Frequently Asked Questions​

How long does GBS virus recovery take?

The recovery period varies depending on the severity of the GBS virus and the kind of treatment you are getting. Complete recovery can take between 6 months and 3 years, provided you follow the recommended treatment and exercise caution.

When should I consult my doctor for GBS virus treatment if I have symptoms?

You should seek immediate medical consultation when you notice the following symptoms -

• Shortness of breath.
• Difficulty in walking or climbing stairs.
• Issues with eye movement.
• Difficulty in chewing and swallowing.
• Muscle weakness.
• Acute pain in the limb or spine, etc.
• Can I treat the GBS virus at home?

No, you must seek medical attention as soon as you notice GBS virus symptoms. With professional care, you can benefit from timely diagnosis and proper treatment for better recovery.

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